Abstract: The depth of anaesthesia monitoring of propofol during surgery has garnered attention, aiming to ensure rapid and accurate determination of propofol plasma concentrations during operations. This helps the anesthesiologists to precisely adjust the dosage of drug, thereby improving the safety and effectiveness of the procedure. The application of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in this field and its advantages in clinical practice are reviewed. With rapid response, high sensitivity, and operational simplicity, IMS has been widely applied in pharmacokinetic studies of propofol, significantly improving surgical safety while supporting research on the pharmacodynamics of propofol under various conditions. It provides theoretical foundation and empirical evidence for promoting and optimizing propofol monitoring technologies, assisting clinicians in more effectively utilizing this method to improve the quality and safety of surgical procedures.