Abstract: Taking the stochastic optical reconstruction super-resolution microscopic imaging system as an example, an integrated approach combining theoretical analysis and practical operations to address common malfunctions was adopted, such as mercury lamp illumination failures, mercury lamp fluorescence intensity and lighting failuers, optical path switching issues, laser power attenuation, and imaging blurring. Through systematic troubleshooting, calibration, and maintenance procedures, effective solutions for various faults have been successfully formulated. A comprehensive maintenance system has been established from multiple dimensions including hardware maintenance, software calibration, periodic equipment servicing and regular inspections. It not only enhances professional skills in instrument management and ensures safe and efficient system operation, but also provides operation guidelines for managers of similar instruments, which has significant practical implications and promotional value.